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Projecte llegit

Títol: Identificación de gateways regionales en la red aérea global: jerarquía, intermediación y accesibilidad

Estudiants que han llegit aquest projecte:

Director/a: TRAPOTE BARREIRA, CÉSAR

Departament: FIS

Títol: Identificación de gateways regionales en la red aérea global: jerarquía, intermediación y accesibilidad

Data inici oferta: 27-01-2026     Data finalització oferta: 27-09-2026


Estudis d'assignació del projecte:
    GR ENG SIST AEROESP
Tipus: Individual
 
Lloc de realització: EETAC
 
Paraules clau:
Red aérea global, gateways regionales, conectividad aérea, accesibilidad, jerarquía urbana
 
Descripció del contingut i pla d'activitats:
Este TFM estudia cómo factores geopolíticos (alianzas, sanciones, cierres de espacio aéreo, visados, tensiones regionales) y geográficos (distancias, desvíos de rutas, dependencia de hubs) afectan a la demanda y a la conectividad del transporte aéreo mundial. La hipótesis de partida es que, en contextos de apertura (multilateralismo, acuerdos, interoperabilidad), la red se densifica y la demanda crece; mientras que en contextos de fragmentación (bloques, bilateralismo duro, cierres y sanciones) la conectividad puede degradarse y la demanda desplazarse o reducirse en corredores concretos. El trabajo propone una forma operativa de medir "regiones bien conectadas vs mal conectadas" y evaluar la vulnerabilidad de la red ante un "nuevo orden" global.
 
Overview (resum en anglès):
The global air transport network is one of the most visible infrastructures of globalization and a privileged means of studying the hierarchical organization of the global urban system. The literature on aviation and city networks characterizes major hubs well through volume and centrality indicators, but identifies with less precision the intermediate nodes that articulate access between non-central spaces and the core of the system. This work addresses that gap through the concept of the regional gateway: a city whose relevance lies in connecting a region with the global core or in mediating between macroregions, without belonging to the consolidated centre.
Drawing on a commercial air traffic dataset of more than fourteen million itineraries, aggregated at the city level, several network representations are built to pursue a twofold aim: to empirically delimit the global core and to identify and characterize the regional gateways located outside it. Methodologically, the work contributes the Gateway Regional Index (GRI), a composite measure combining flow towards the core, interregional intermediation, regional anchoring and territorial dependence, together with a tiered classification of the central space (inner core, borderline core and core exception). The result is validated through Monte Carlo simulations on the index weights and a disparity filter on the network structure. Finally, a generalized-cost extension incorporates accessibility and spatial friction.
The results confirm a strongly hierarchical and concentrated network, with Gini coefficients of 0.927 for traffic and 0.984 for intermediation. Between core and periphery, a robust layer of regional gateways emerges, spatially coherent and stable under perturbations. These gateways do not form a homogeneous class: the typology distinguishes external-articulation platforms, hybrid nodes with stronger regional anchoring, and large traffic collectors. The cost layer shows that observed connectivity does not equal efficient accessibility and that distance still imposes real and unequal frictions. The global air network thus proves to be a structure of almost universal coverage but structurally differentiated access.

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